Beginners are often confused about the difference between the network and transport layers. Figure 2.2 makes the distinction clear. The network layer carries on a conversation with its peer network layer on the next hop, whereas the transport layer carries on a conversation with its peer layer on the final destination.
To put it another way, the transport layer behaves as if it were
directly connected to its peer layer and is unaware of the actual path
that its data takes through the network. The network layer, on the other
hand, is concerned with choosing the path that the data takes and, as
such, is involved with processing at each hop. Note from the figure that
routers do not necessarily even have transport layers.from snader...
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