look at the message types in rfc4271:
Type: This 1-octet unsigned integer indicates the type code of the message. This document defines the following type codes: 1 - OPEN 2 - UPDATE 3 - NOTIFICATION 4 - KEEPALIVE
open
After a TCP connection is established, the first message sent by each
side is an OPEN message. If the OPEN message is acceptable, a
KEEPALIVE message confirming the OPEN is sent back.
UPDATE messages are used to transfer routing information between BGP peers.
An UPDATE message MAY simultaneously advertise a feasible route and withdraw multiple unfeasible routes from service.
A NOTIFICATION message is sent when an error condition is detected. The BGP connection is closed immediately after it is sent.
Keepalive
BGP does not use any TCP-based, keep-alive mechanism to determine if peers are reachable. Instead, KEEPALIVE messages are exchanged between peers often enough not to cause the Hold Timer to expire.
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